February 13, 2008

Half Of All Clicks On Display Ads Are Worthless

Erick Schonfeld

59 comments »

laughing-at-computer.jpgMore and more online advertisers are paying on a per-click basis, but who is clicking on those ads and how much are they worth? A study put out yesterday by comScore, Starcom Media, and Tacoda suggests that half of all clicks on display ads (as opposed to clicks on paid search links) are generated by only 6 percent of Web surfers.

And these are not a particularly desirable bunch. The average heavy clicker is 25 to 44 years old, earns less than $40,000 a year, spends a lot of time online but not a lot of money online, and likes to frequent auctions, gambling sites and job boards. Sounds like a lot of these heavy clickers are out of work and have nothing to do. But who did you think clicked on those ads anyway?

Additionally, the study found that there was no correlation between how many times a brand’s ads were clicked on and brand awareness or positive attitudes towards that brand.

Advertisers probably know this already, and are focusing on the other 50 percent of clicks. But what they should really be doing is stop counting clicks and start measuring things that actually matter to their business, like sales or brand awareness. Counting clicks is easy. Measuring meaningful economic returns is not.

(Photo by Checlap).

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  1. Andy

    News flash: Dog Bites Man!

    What part of this was surprising? The fact that some people don’t buy stuff or that it’s 50% of clickers?

  2. AK

    I always wonder how much money do the sites that host google adsense make. I believe they are paid by measuring number of clicks.

    Do they really get paid? as I myself never bother to read ads displayed by google adsense. Clicking on one is out of question. [:)]

  3. Garth

    I was around during the last big online advertising crash. I think it was in the late 90s (before the actual dot com crash), which isn’t so long ago, but nobody ever seems to talk about it. I’ve been wondering, what happens if this repeats itself? If ad revenue as a whole goes down by, say, 50%, what will happen to Google, which gets the vast majority of it’s revenue from ads? And what happens to all the other smaller players?

  4. kunalu

    I think even 50% is an overestimate. Many of the clicks are fraudulent. Some triggered by competitors, and some clicked by small publish sites owners and their fans, and in this case, random ppl.

    I think tracking down actual conversions is a better way for advertisers to measure how well the ads are performing. I think one of the sentences I read in one of the research paper describes this technique best, “having a (sufficiently large sample of a) series of clicks but none conversion is like tossing a coin and constantly getting heads”. The pattern of certain series of clicks can possibly be analyzed and catch worthless clicks.

  5. Beck

    I would think that return per click is already priced into ad bids.

    If it was not profitable to buy ads, if too many clicks were worthless, then there wouldn’t be billions of dollars spent on ads, right? (Is this obvious? Probably. I know I wouldn’t buy ads if I wasn’t seeing a profitable return. And I’m spending my own money, no VC backing me with millions to market my vowel-free Web site.)

  6. John Zárate

    woowww… exelent new

  7. Erik

    I guess this is why I have never once clicked on a TechCrunch ad, or even read one for that matter - I have a job.

  8. HGuide

    how many clicks on freeway bulletin boards are worth something?

  9. Scott

    All clicks are not equal. Time to shift more emphasis to post-click marketing.

  10. Ben

    I’ve edited my HOST file thanks to http://www.mvps.org/winhelp2002/hosts.htm and I don’t see most ads. I don’t click on them anyway.

  11. Chris

    “But what they should really be doing is stop counting clicks”

    Don’t advertise on sites aimed at people with little money?
    IE, social networking and digg???

    http://www.ccr.gov/Contractors.aspx
    If somebody made a site targeting these people, then that would be a gold mine. Unlike MySpace. Strangely enough, there aren’t many or they aren’t popular.

  12. Exchange3D

    From my experience:

    - Google search ads give good CTR, but low conversion to sales, probably, because my site is well indexed anyway and when ppl are searching for what I have, they find it in the search results.
    - Yahoo search ads - good CTR and better conversion to sales then Google
    - Content network adwords - no good at all
    - Targeted ad campaings on selected websites ( professional 3D communities in my case) - best CTR and conversion

  13. reborn_25

    so that’s the way how they spend their money huh..

    why don’t you try pay per day…

  14. Isaac

    Erick you may want to pull out your book on Journalistic Integrity for this article you’ve written. Your article pre-supposes in its tone that Media Buyers are only measuring clicks…which is ridiculous and you should know better that to buy into that line of thinking.

    Online Agencies are very savvy in measuring ROI goals. The trend is to link everything to sales.

    Additionally Direct marketers like Adteractive, Quinstreet and others have deep ROI metrics and optimization technologies to look at the actual revenue generated on leads.

    The industry is tracking conversions/actions/purchases Erick. Clicks are so 1999…

  15. more tomato sauce please

    Beck is right, imho. Online advertising provides greater visibility than any other type of advertising I know. Analytics allows us to measure clicks, conversions, page views, time on site, engagement, yadda yadda yadda. You can’t measure anything close to that with tv, magazines, billboards, adverts posted above the urinal at busy restaurants (c’mon - you know you read those).

    You can certainly argue that it is, and always will be difficult to measure brand awareness, brand affinity, and the soft side of advertising.

    Internet advertising is more trackable than other forms of advertising, and it is relatively simple to participate in, making it is as close to a transparent Market for advertising as I know. Markets are efficient, especially ones that have millions of people and billions of dollars flowing in and out of.

  16. gregory

    i think the ad-based revenue concept is not sustainable.

  17. Greg

    Great post Erik.

    Someday, both advertisers and their agencies will realize that the number clicks a banner receives, does NOT illustrate the effectiveness of a campaign.
    Consequently so, you can’t determine an accurate conversion rate.

    Visual advertising is 100% solely brand awareness, regardless if it is online or terrestrial.

    Is Coke looking for a certain number of clicks on their banner campaigns? No. McCann Worldwide is though. Because that’s how agencies report…as if it means something. Coke knows fully that display is simply brand awareness…brand reinforcement in their case. And frequency is king.

    I think the industry as a whole needs to take a serious look at how effectiveness and return is measured.

    That won’t happen though.
    Because of the amount of money that is spent on advertising.

    What would happen if the advertisers paying double or triple CPM’s during American Idol found out that the actual number of viewers watching the show was only 5 million, rather than the 30 million Nielsen reports off of less than 10,000 samples. And don’t forget the sample boxes left on while the family was in the other room eating dinner.

  18. Jason M. Lemkin

    Even worse, if you somehow deter click-fraud yourself, your costs might now even go down. Google displays your ad based on CTR as well as price. If you drive down fraud unilaterally, your CTR may go down, and you won’t get placed in as high ad positions by Google … which means your CTR and lead quality both drop as well as your conversions …

  19. Steel

    If online advertising declines, (which it will in its current form) Google stock will tank. Many of the sites launched during 2.0 craze will die as well, especially all the free sites thinking they can sustain their business from ad revenue. Quality sites with useful applications that charge for their services will thrive and all the rest of the crap will die. VC’s stand to lose a ton of money pretty soon.

  20. Shara Karasic

    Lindsey Walsh, a search engine marketing consultant, has a couple of interesting articles on how to maximize PPC results and increase customer conversions:

    http://www.work.com/b2b-pay-pe.....tion-1876/
    http://www.work.com/increase-w.....iety-1862/

  21. Shawn

    @3 Garth:

    I couldn’t agree more. After the last advertising crash, YHOO dropped precipitously, and eveyone was saying that they never should have had such a large percentage (90+%) of their revenue be from advertising. Nobody (you excepted) seems to say this about today’s Google, since things are going well right now.

  22. Knowledge is power

    Everybody knows that online advertisers measure more than just clicks because it is easy (actually, much easier than advertising on traditional media, i.e., TV, billboards and so on.) That said, webmasters know that Google (at least) go out of their way to set pay per click prices according to the quality of the clicks. Many clicks are worth next to nothing because Google’s machines think that are not converting clicks.

    That said, people seem to forget that the pay per click model didn’t just happen but it took a while before Bill Gross’ GoTo figured out the correct way to set click prices. Google has improved the model since then. Proof is that there are many people making a living selling merchandise online via text-ads.

    In conclusion, the sky is not falling and even though the pay per click model is not perfect, people have been optimizing it for many years now.

  23. boomCLICKS

    what display ad has a 50% conversion rate anyway?

    Look at billboards…how many people driving past don’t care about the ad for the local morning DJs?

    Most clicks are worthless because the marketer’s ads are not specific enough. Make sure the user knows what the ad is for this cuts down on people clicking.

  24. Jason McIntyre

    What happened to CPA “cost per action” that Google touted as being the future of online advertising?

    Display ads still make an impression and help brand awareness which some advertisers are striving for.

  25. boomCLICKS

    CPA is still up and running…. it works GREAT for me…. make sure that the ACTIONS are ecommerce transactions….not registrations or lead gens…that creates MASSIVE FRAUD….

  26. ice

    I argee with, that Google content network in particular provides juke. How did this article determine brands aren’t effected from running graphical ad units.

  27. Josh

    I visit tons of websites with display and text links on, but rarely ever click on them.

  28. Rambo

    the point of ppc model is not the %age of people who click on them or don’t but the straightforward “number of people” who click them. 1% of a helluva lot of people is still a lot of people. and half of that is still substantial.

    the whole reason its working now is people (google, overture) fixed it after they or others failed first - quite contrary to some of the rhetorical arguments here.

    the effectiveness of these campaigns is decided by the bidders. as long as they are competing in the bids, Google doesnt have to worry.

    in fact it will be unfortunate for the internet as a whole if that happened. the ad business model is one of the critical ingredient of the innovation in the last few years. you can afford to build cool stuff and not worry about the rent.

    but it seems a little far fetched to predict a crash. it will go up to a point and then maybe stabilize. more reasonably - Google’s party has just gotten started.

  29. Patrick

    The title of this article should be “Half Of All Clicks On Display Ads Are Worthless… But Still 100X Cheaper And More Cost-Effective Than Billboards, Magazine Ads, Radio Spots, and TV Commercials.”

  30. Joe Smith

    This just reinforces the fact that a click doesn’t guarantee revenue for the advertisers. I can’t find one friend of mine that (admits) to clicking on an ad on facebook. Unless ads are context-aware, they will not be relevant, and thus a waste of screen space.

  31. BionicPimp

    Seth Goodin talks about this on his blog.

    “Half my advertising works, I just don’t know which half. Actually, it’s closer to 1% of your advertising that works, at the most. Your billboard reaches 100,000 people and if you’re lucky, it gets you a hundred customers…”

    When I was a younger man, I had interned at a pretty big advertising agency and I’ve seen how the sausage was made, so to speak. I was surprised by Seth’s optimistic number of 1%.

  32. Too Many Spammers on TechCrunch

    Display advertising works for big companies with established brands which need to remind people about them. Display advertising is extremely ineffective for startups trying to launch a product. Building brand awareness is extremely expensive.

    Overall, the point is that on a pure “how many people” respond metric, the internet will always be one of the worst mediums. But the ROI and trackability is so much better online.

    There’s a reason that 21% of entertainment time is spent online but only 7% of ad dollars - people online ignore ads.

    And yes, advertising on social networks that aren’t targeted towards a specific niche is pretty much worthless until the CPM on Facebook goes down to $0.000002, I don’t think anyone will get any ROI from it.

    I love when people who know nothing about economics talk about efficient markets and how pricing must reflect actual ROI and profitability. Advertising on Google is efficient. Advertising on random sites with a low number of people bidding on advertising space is not.

    Keep on wasting money on funding social networks please.

  33. waterman

    total bullshit,
    people spending a lot of time online dont click on ads, those who spend less time, and know less about those online advertising click on ads.
    I never click ads, because I know they are commercial links, and most likely will be asking to pay. But people spending a little time online do not know that.

  34. weeeee

    and how does this site make money? um…. what? banners??

  35. Roy

    easier said than done, Erick

  36. Al Brown

    The same could be said of half of all eyeballs staring at TVs. So what else is new?

  37. Monopoly Dreams

    In reality, it’s not about the the “clicks”, it’s about the “VALUE” of the ad. Look at the typical ad on a website, whether it be 125 x 125, or 60 x 180, etc. Does the ad even cater a particular discount, a unique selling point other that what is already on the website, or what about a unique offer to individuals particularly on the site the ad is on? For example, if I’m reading techcrunch, or even Forbes.com for that matter, and I see the same ad on both sites, that offers the same exact offer on the sellers site, what’s the point? Now, if I had two seperate offers, based on being a unique user of that site, & that offer is catered solely to me, than there’s more likely hood that I would click. But just take a look at all the ads on TechCrunch now - O’Desk (post for Free - we already know this), Rackspace (it hosting - as if we didn’t know), social network one site (what the hell is this?) As you can see, as a reader of TC, what do these ads offer “ME” as a reader on this site. This is where advertisers are going wrong. It’s in the offer. Better offer, more clicks. They are better off just putting up a blank square box & say, click me……basically that’s all they are doing anyway. Does anyone agree?

  38. mike

    Or as another blogger more succinctly put it: Holy Shit I clicked on a Banner Ad.

  39. Foreman

    Hi Chris,

    There are people working on such a site:

    http://www.workpost.com

    We recognize that there are groups of people who click on ads for a reason, groups who click but have no idea why and are essentially useless to advertisers and groups who see ads as nothing more than annoyance (Digg). We believe that contractors, freelancers and, in general, people looking for work and to get work done are among the groups that click on ads with a purpose. Workpost.com is very new and we have a lot of work to do in terms of marketing but we hope to create a site that will be able to support meaningful ads relevant to the content of and locations where people are searching and posting.

    We already have some excellent development help but if anyone out there is interested in these kinds of issues or working on sites like this, please contact us. We’re open to all kinds of ideas.

    Thanks,

    - Workpost.com

    “Don’t advertise on sites aimed at people with little money?
    IE, social networking and digg???

    http://www.ccr.gov/Contractors.aspx
    If somebody made a site targeting these people, then that would be a gold mine. Unlike MySpace. Strangely enough, there aren’t many or they aren’t popular.”

  40. Moe Glitz

    At last someone is taking a serious look at the over hyped world of online advertising, especially the over valued and over the hill - Google.

    Could someone please do a report on Google and show everyone just what a lousy online advertising company it is.
    Think of all the huge number of annual Page Hits it reaches across its own Search Site. Then add those Page Hits across its other Sites such as YouTube, Blogger, Google Maps, that also display Ads.
    And finally add the number of Page Hits that feature Google AdSense, such as MySpace and various other Sites.

    Once you get a final Page Hits total that feature all of Google’s Three Advertising Models, compare that to the annual revenues that Google made online through this form of advertising - and calculate just how much money Google made from the amount of Page Hits that their Ads were featured on.
    (Don’t forget to take away a large percentage of Click Fraud Ads)

    Even with Google’s huge online audience reach. The amount of money that they earn through their Three Advertisings Models is very poor.
    It just shows you just how useless Online Advertising really is.

  41. állás és munka

    does someone think that for example billboards have a better conversion rate?

    and that cost even more and you can not measure sight/conversion at all

    that is why CTR ads are still better I think

  42. Jon

    @12: Exchange3D

    Great site, I have it bookmarked now :-) I also have to agree with you that if you are in a specific niche market, targeted ad campaigns are the way to go, sites that I develop that are targeted have far higher “advertising generated profit margins” then generic ones. I am surprised anybody puts any advertising on hotmail, facebook or other sites where the focus is on building relationships and not actually looking for something of interest. I am not surprised by the findings of this study, I have to agree with others, these numbers are still too generous.

    Jon
    http://i3ds.com - Custom 3D and Programming Services

  43. UhOh

    Look for a return of subscription-based content and services. Because when the ad bubble pops, that’s the only way sites will survive.

    Goodbye Facebook’s Valuation

    $15 Billion, for what? Broke college students and an average click thru rate that’s .002% … half of which is totally worthless.

    Yay.

  44. robert

    @ Moe: “It just shows you just how useless Online Advertising really is.”

    This is why billions of dollars continue to flow into the medium? You don’t give sophisticated advertisers, or agencies for that matter, any credit whatsoever. Do you honestly believe they would continue to piss money out the window if there wasn’t ROI?

    As a small business owner, yes, Google PPC model absolutely sucks for our business and I believe the vast majority of clicks we had seen on our recent endeavor in this area were purely curiousity seekers/flat out fraudulent. However, I wouldn’t make a broad stroke comment about how useless online advertising is. It all boils down to what you’re selling, whom you’re trying to sell to, and where and when your ads are displayed. Also many advertisers are attacking the market through various channels, and are getting increasingly sophisticated in how they market and measure success. Online is an area they need to be in.

    I say this because I have worked in the industry for quite some time, and I have first hand experience in seeing online advertising prove to be incredibly valuable for “certain” advertisers.

    I agree with the post about measuring clicks. A CTR is just a leading indicator, and outside of CPC deals where number of clicks are a factor for calculating cost of conversion, most advertisers could care less about clicks and are most concerned with conversions (sales, reg’s, etc.), cost of conversion and scalability of a particular publisher/network.

    Branding advertisers are a whole other ball of wax.

  45. robert

    Plus I believe the article isn’t even talking about google/search ppc stuff. Display is generally a reference to graphical based banners.

  46. Jakeimade

    I cant say that I even notice banner ads anymore. Its like there is something in my brain (and im sure im not alone here) that says “dont read anything that is on the far right or left hand side of the screen or anything that is in a google ads box”. How many of you can list more than 1 company that advertises on the techcrunch page? I know I cant.. (But its ok, I wont tell your advertisers ;) )

    Jakeimade
    http://www.adimade.com

  47. Technology Slice

    Statistics never tell the full story. Purchases online continue to skyrocket every single year.

  48. Bub

    Down with undesirables making less than $40k/yr!

  49. Lars Fischer

    I only click on ads of companies/technologies I DON’T LIKE. At least it costs them some money…

  50. Rob

    So, that’s why you have thirteen big ads on your blog.
    Should I click on any of these?
    But I am not in the target group of “25 to 44 years old, earns less than $40,000 a year, spends a lot of time online but not a lot of money online, and likes to frequent auctions, gambling sites and job boards”.

  51. David

    If only 2% of snail mail mailings (junk mail) create revenue then i expect a 50% return to be an advertisers dream!!! I ignore Google specifically to avoid the ads, the same with MSN, Yahoo etc. Let’s face it, the majority of decent tv is on BBC and there’s not an ad in sight! Ads just make money for the advertising agencies and if anyone believes them then they are as sad as the people paying for them to be made.

  52. Chris

    “It just shows you just how useless Online Advertising really is.”

    Wrong. It just shows you just how useless advertising in general really is. Online ads are just the only place where we can accurately measure its uselessness.

  53. James

    Online advertising worked very well for me. I had a small company with virtually no web sales. I paid for Google Adsense advertising and my traffic went up over 1000% basically overnight. The major thing was that my online sales skyrocketed. Now the advertising did cost me roughly 10% of my profits. I then stopped all Google ads and my sales dropped off sharply. It is costly but it really does generate traffic to your site and as long as you have good keys words you should expect a reasonable conversion rate. Just my 2 cents!

  54. bandguy

    There is a science to it.
    You need the right keywords, the right ad text, and a compelling landing page.

    Not all ads are created equal and not all landing pages work to grab a users attention. If you are running a campaign you need to create several variations of both your ad text and your landing pages. You need to keep tweeking this until you get it right.

    Google analyics is a pretty good tool to use. It allows to to create several ad variations and landing pages then define a conversion page. The conversion page is the web page where you have converted the sale.

  55. lonifasiko

    I do not own a company, I just have started past September a blog where I write about hot tech news and personal experiences around the world of software.

    I’ve sent my blog to all my friends, bloglists, rankings and everywhere I could. Just to give it a try, I’ve recently added AdSense ads to my blog to see what happened. Believe me users hardly click on them. Ads are good and very related to the content but experienced users that like reading my blog won’t never click on them, they just read my blog and skip ads. In fact, I also do it this way in other blogs…

    Thus, ads seems to me a really difficult world, that sure will not make me rich enough to dedicate 100% of my time to blogging. A pity…

    PS: By the way, I would really appreciate if you visit my blog and click on some of my ads ;-)

    Best regards.

  56. Jack

    One of the big advantages about video advertising is that it can be about building brand equity - something a banner will always struggle to do. We recently ran a campaign where we took TV creative, made it slightly interactive and ran it online.

    The results for the large FMCG advertiser in terms of brand awareness and offline sales (3rd party research via Tesco Supermarkets) showed a far better ROI for this online, brand focused advertising than the client could get from online.

    It’s this sort of online advertising that’s going to keep the ad spend flowing into online and away from other mediums.

  57. Madiator

    Can TechCrunch please conduct a poll to find out these facts :

    1. Number of people who never read Text Ads vs number of people who occasionally/always(anyone?) read these ads.
    2. Number of people who think Graphical Ads make an impact vs number of those who think text ads are better.

    This will be incredibly useful to get new insights into the advertising reality.

  58. GG

    Loving this post!

    I’m in sales myself. Just yesterday after a couple of attempts trying to reach a large cosmetics company in the US, I received a phone call.

    I was asked some questions about how the pricing works and if we calculated it by CPM or by clicks. We offer some pretty decent numbers as far as impressions and they are definitely of quality, targeting a mid to upscale 21-35 year old demo, approx 3/4 female.

    When at some point in the conversation I mentioned that we have an open mind and we do custom packages according to the clients budgets/needs, I was asked if we “guarantee clicks.”
    I said “no we dont” (big mistake!)
    She arrogantly replied “well, some sites do.” And the convo didn’t really continue as I would have liked, terminating shortly after.

    Based on our history of corporate campaigns, I’d have to say 80 to 90% of our clients were pleased and somewhat impressed to the response generated from our website compared to our competitors. This is why we’re still around after 7 years. =)

    Tell me what you want and we’ll set you up to get the maximum amount of clicks you desire. Guaranteeing clicks seems a little far fetched (and based on this write up) clicks dont mean much, if they’re not quality.